There is a wide range of symbols available for use with TeX, most of which are not shown (or even mentioned) in (La)TeX books. The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List (by Scott Pakin et al.) illustrates over 2000 symbols, and details the commands and packages needed to produce them.
Other questions in this FAQ offer specific help on kinds of symbols:
This question on the Web: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=symbols