#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # :Id: $Id: error_reporting.py 7668 2013-06-04 12:46:30Z milde $ # :Copyright: © 2011 Günter Milde. # :License: Released under the terms of the `2-Clause BSD license`_, in short: # # Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, # are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright # notice and this notice are preserved. # This file is offered as-is, without any warranty. # # .. _2-Clause BSD license: http://www.spdx.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause """ Error reporting should be safe from encoding/decoding errors. However, implicit conversions of strings and exceptions like >>> u'%s world: %s' % ('H\xe4llo', Exception(u'H\xe4llo') fail in some Python versions: * In Python <= 2.6, ``unicode()`` uses `__str__` and fails with non-ASCII chars in`unicode` arguments. (work around http://bugs.python.org/issue2517): * In Python 2, unicode() fails, with non-ASCII chars in arguments. (Use case: in some locales, the errstr argument of IOError contains non-ASCII chars.) * In Python 2, str() fails, with non-ASCII chars in `unicode` arguments. The `SafeString`, `ErrorString` and `ErrorOutput` classes handle common exceptions. """ import sys, codecs # Guess the locale's encoding. # If no valid guess can be made, locale_encoding is set to `None`: try: import locale # module missing in Jython except ImportError: locale_encoding = None else: locale_encoding = locale.getlocale()[1] or locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] # locale.getpreferredencoding([do_setlocale=True|False]) # has side-effects | might return a wrong guess. # (cf. Update 1 in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4082645/using-python-2-xs-locale-module-to-format-numbers-and-currency) try: codecs.lookup(locale_encoding or '') # None -> '' except LookupError: locale_encoding = None class SafeString(object): """ A wrapper providing robust conversion to `str` and `unicode`. """ def __init__(self, data, encoding=None, encoding_errors='backslashreplace', decoding_errors='replace'): self.data = data self.encoding = (encoding or getattr(data, 'encoding', None) or locale_encoding or 'ascii') self.encoding_errors = encoding_errors self.decoding_errors = decoding_errors def __str__(self): try: return str(self.data) except UnicodeEncodeError, err: if isinstance(self.data, Exception): args = [str(SafeString(arg, self.encoding, self.encoding_errors)) for arg in self.data.args] return ', '.join(args) if isinstance(self.data, unicode): if sys.version_info > (3,0): return self.data else: return self.data.encode(self.encoding, self.encoding_errors) raise def __unicode__(self): """ Return unicode representation of `self.data`. Try ``unicode(self.data)``, catch `UnicodeError` and * if `self.data` is an Exception instance, work around http://bugs.python.org/issue2517 with an emulation of Exception.__unicode__, * else decode with `self.encoding` and `self.decoding_errors`. """ try: u = unicode(self.data) if isinstance(self.data, EnvironmentError): u = u.replace(": u'", ": '") # normalize filename quoting return u except UnicodeError, error: # catch ..Encode.. and ..Decode.. errors if isinstance(self.data, EnvironmentError): return u"[Errno %s] %s: '%s'" % (self.data.errno, SafeString(self.data.strerror, self.encoding, self.decoding_errors), SafeString(self.data.filename, self.encoding, self.decoding_errors)) if isinstance(self.data, Exception): args = [unicode(SafeString(arg, self.encoding, decoding_errors=self.decoding_errors)) for arg in self.data.args] return u', '.join(args) if isinstance(error, UnicodeDecodeError): return unicode(self.data, self.encoding, self.decoding_errors) raise class ErrorString(SafeString): """ Safely report exception type and message. """ def __str__(self): return '%s: %s' % (self.data.__class__.__name__, super(ErrorString, self).__str__()) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s: %s' % (self.data.__class__.__name__, super(ErrorString, self).__unicode__()) class ErrorOutput(object): """ Wrapper class for file-like error streams with failsave de- and encoding of `str`, `bytes`, `unicode` and `Exception` instances. """ def __init__(self, stream=None, encoding=None, encoding_errors='backslashreplace', decoding_errors='replace'): """ :Parameters: - `stream`: a file-like object, a string (path to a file), `None` (write to `sys.stderr`, default), or evaluating to `False` (write() requests are ignored). - `encoding`: `stream` text encoding. Guessed if None. - `encoding_errors`: how to treat encoding errors. """ if stream is None: stream = sys.stderr elif not(stream): stream = False # if `stream` is a file name, open it elif isinstance(stream, str): stream = open(stream, 'w') elif isinstance(stream, unicode): stream = open(stream.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()), 'w') self.stream = stream """Where warning output is sent.""" self.encoding = (encoding or getattr(stream, 'encoding', None) or locale_encoding or 'ascii') """The output character encoding.""" self.encoding_errors = encoding_errors """Encoding error handler.""" self.decoding_errors = decoding_errors """Decoding error handler.""" def write(self, data): """ Write `data` to self.stream. Ignore, if self.stream is False. `data` can be a `string`, `unicode`, or `Exception` instance. """ if self.stream is False: return if isinstance(data, Exception): data = unicode(SafeString(data, self.encoding, self.encoding_errors, self.decoding_errors)) try: self.stream.write(data) except UnicodeEncodeError: self.stream.write(data.encode(self.encoding, self.encoding_errors)) except TypeError: # in Python 3, stderr expects unicode if self.stream in (sys.stderr, sys.stdout): self.stream.buffer.write(data) # write bytes to raw stream else: self.stream.write(unicode(data, self.encoding, self.decoding_errors)) def close(self): """ Close the error-output stream. Ignored if the stream is` sys.stderr` or `sys.stdout` or has no close() method. """ if self.stream in (sys.stdout, sys.stderr): return try: self.stream.close() except AttributeError: pass