Developing with lxml
- The lxml.etree Tutorial
- API reference
- APIs specific to lxml.etree
- Parsing XML and HTML with lxml
- Validation with lxml
- XPath and XSLT with lxml
  - XPath
  - XSLT
- lxml.objectify
- lxml.html
- lxml.cssselect
- BeautifulSoup Parser
- html5lib Parser
  - Differences to regular HTML parsing
  - Function Reference

html5lib Parser

html5lib is a Python package that implements the HTML5 parsing algorithm which is heavily influenced by current browsers and based on the WHATWG HTML5 specification.

lxml can benefit from the parsing capabilities of html5lib through the lxml.html.html5parser module. It provides a similar interface to the lxml.html module by providing fromstring(), parse(), document_fromstring(), fragment_fromstring() and fragments_fromstring() that work like the regular html parsing functions.

Differences to regular HTML parsing

There are a few differences in the returned tree to the regular HTML parsing functions from lxml.html. html5lib normalizes some elements and element structures to a common format. For example even if a tables does not have a tbody html5lib will inject one automatically:

>>> from lxml.html import tostring, html5parser
>>> tostring(html5parser.fromstring("<table><td>foo"))
'<table><tbody><tr><td>foo</td></tr></tbody></table>'

Also the parameters the functions accept are different.

Function Reference

parse(filename_url_or_file):

Parses the named file or url, or if the object has a .read() method, parses from that.

document_fromstring(html, guess_charset=True):

Parses a document from the given string. This always creates a correct HTML document, which means the parent node is <html>, and there is a body and possibly a head.

If a bytestring is passed and guess_charset is true the chardet library (if installed) will guess the charset if ambiguities exist.

fragment_fromstring(string, create_parent=False, guess_charset=False):

Returns an HTML fragment from a string. The fragment must contain just a single element, unless create_parent is given; e.g,. fragment_fromstring(string, create_parent='div') will wrap the element in a <div>. If create_parent is true the default parent tag (div) is used.

If a bytestring is passed and guess_charset is true the chardet library (if installed) will guess the charset if ambiguities exist.

fragments_fromstring(string, no_leading_text=False, parser=None):

Returns a list of the elements found in the fragment. The first item in the list may be a string. If no_leading_text is true, then it will be an error if there is leading text, and it will always be a list of only elements.

If a bytestring is passed and guess_charset is true the chardet library (if installed) will guess the charset if ambiguities exist.

fromstring(string):

Returns document_fromstring or fragment_fromstring, based on whether the string looks like a full document, or just a fragment.

Additionally all parsing functions accept an parser keyword argument that can be set to a custom parser instance. To create custom parsers you can subclass the HTMLParser and XHTMLParser from the same module. Note that these are the parser classes provided by html5lib.